The English translation of "三叉神经" is "trigeminal nerve."

Today, let me talk about the knowledge of the trigeminal nerve. The main text will begin soon. Where is the trigeminal nerve located? Introduction to the trigeminal nerve: 1. The trigeminal nerve is the fifth pair of cranial nerves among the twelve pairs of cranial nerves and is one of the mixed cranial nerves. The trigeminal nerve is composed of two types of fiber components.

2. Fiber composition: one is general somatosensory fibers, whose neuronal cell bodies are located in the trigeminal ganglion in the middle fossa of the skull and consist of pseudounipolar neurons. The central processes of the trigeminal ganglion form the trigeminal sensory root, which enters the brain at the junction of the brainstem pons and the basal part of the pons and terminates in the trigeminal brainstem nucleus for the sensory fibers of the head and face sensation. The sensory fibers for temperature and pain sensation terminate in the trigeminal spinal tract nucleus.

3. The other type of fiber is special visceral motor fibers, originating from the trigeminal motor nucleus in the special visceral motor nucleus. The special visceral motor fibers emitted by the trigeminal motor nucleus form the trigeminal motor root, which exits the brain at the junction of the brainstem pons and basal part and joins the trigeminal third major branch, the mandibular nerve, to innervate muscles such as the chewing muscles.

Trigeminal Nerve Introduction Contents 1 Pinyin sān chā shén jīng 2 English Reference trigeminal nerve 3 Overview The trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve that contains both somatic sensory and special visceral motor fibers. The special visceral motor fibers originate from the trigeminal motor nucleus, forming the trigeminal motor root. It emerges from the brain at the junction of the pons and middle cerebellar peduncle, located on the anterior and medial side of the sensory root. It then joins the mandibular nerve, exits the skull through the foramen ovale, and is distributed to the chewing muscles, among others. The motor root also contains fibers originating from the midbrain nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, which transmit proprioceptive sensation from the chewing muscles and extraocular muscles. The cell bodies of the somatic sensory fibers are located in the trigeminal ganglion (also known as the Gasserian ganglion). This ganglion is located at the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone, surrounded by two layers of dura mater. It consists of pseudounipolar neurons, with their central processes forming the large trigeminal sensory root, which enters the brain at the junction of the pons and middle cerebellar peduncle and terminates in the trigeminal brainstem nucleus and trigeminal spinal tract nucleus. The peripheral processes form the three major branches of the trigeminal nerve, known as the ophthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, and mandibular nerve. They are distributed to the skin of the face, mucous membranes of the eyes, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, teeth, meninges, etc., transmitting various sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch.

Trigeminal nerve 4. Ophthalmic nerve The ophthalmic nerve, also known as the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, exits from the trigeminal ganglion and enters the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. It then enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure, distributing branches to the dura mater, orbit, eyeball, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, and some nasal mucosa and the superior part of the forehead, as well as the upper eyelid and the skin of the nasal dorsum.

1. Lacrimal nerve The lacrimal nerve is a small branch that runs along the lateral wall of the orbit, above the lateral rectus muscle, and anteriorly to distribute branches to the lacrimal gland and upper eyelid. 2. The frontal nerve is relatively thick and runs above the upper eyelid levator muscle. It branches into 2-3 branches, with the supraorbital nerve being larger. It distributes through the skin of the forehead after passing through the supraorbital notch.

3. The nasociliary nerve runs between the superior rectus muscle and the optic nerve, reaching the medial wall of the orbit. It sends out many branches that distribute to the nasal mucosa, ethmoid sinus, lacrimal sac, skin of the nasal bridge, as well as the eyeball and eyelids. Intraorbital Nerve (Superior View)

5. Superior Maxillary Nerve The superior maxillary nerve, also known as the maxillary nerve, originates from the trigeminal ganglion. It enters the lateral wall of the pterygopalatine fossa, exits the skull through the round foramen, enters the inferior orbital fissure, and continues into the orbit as the inferior orbital nerve. The maxillary nerve distributes to the dura mater, skin between the eye slit and mouth slit, upper teeth, nasal cavity, and oral mucosa. Its main branches include:

1. The infraorbital nerve is relatively large and is the main branch of the maxillary nerve. It enters the orbit through the infraorbital fissure, infraorbital groove, and infraorbital canal. It then exits through the infraorbital foramen and divides into several branches, which are distributed in the skin and mucosa of the lower eyelid, nasal wing, and upper lip. During maxillary surgery, anesthesia is often performed at the infraorbital foramen.

2. The recurrent nerve is small and branches off at the pterygopalatine fossa. It enters the orbit through the infraorbital fissure and divides into two branches that pass through the lateral wall of the orbit and are distributed in the skin of the cheek and temple. Parasympathetic preganglionic fibers from the facial nerve synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion and send postganglionic fibers through the zygomatic nerve, communicating branch, and lacrimal nerve to control tear gland secretion.

3. The pterygopalatine nerve is composed of 2 to 3 small nerves, originating from the pterygopalatine fossa and connected to the pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic ganglion). It is distributed in the mucosa of the palate and nasal cavity, as well as the palatine tonsil. 4. The superior alveolar nerves are divided into three branches: posterior, middle, and anterior. The posterior branch of the superior alveolar nerve originates from the maxillary nerve trunk within the pterygopalatine fossa, and enters the bone behind the maxillary body; the middle and anterior branches of the superior alveolar nerve originate respectively from the infraorbital groove and infraorbital canal of the infraorbital nerve. The three branches converge to form the superior alveolar plexus, which is distributed to the maxillary teeth and gums.

The mandibular nerve is the largest branch of the three, and it is a mixed nerve. It exits the skull through the oval foramen and divides into anterior and posterior branches within the deep surface of the lateral pterygoid muscle. The anterior branch is smaller and supplies the muscles of mastication, the tensor tympani muscle, the levator veli palatini muscle, and also gives off a buccal nerve. The posterior branch is larger and supplies the dura mater, the mandibular teeth and gums, the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the mucosa of the floor of the mouth, the skin below the ear and temporal area, and also gives off a branch that supplies the muscles of the mandible and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

1. The auriculotemporal nerve originates from two branches at the posterior trunk, sandwiching the middle meningeal artery. They merge into one trunk and pass through the inner side of the jaw and neck, accompanying the superficial temporal artery. It passes through the parotid gland and branches out to the temporal skin, also containing parasympathetic secretory fibers from the glossopharyngeal nerve, which control salivary gland secretion.

2. The buccal nerve runs along the outside of the buccal muscles, distributing to the skin and mucosa of the cheek. 3. The lingual nerve descends on the medial side of the inferior alveolar branch, along the outer side of the hyoglossus muscle, forming an arch over the submandibular gland and extending forward to the deep surface of the oral floor mucosa, distributing to the mucosa of the oral floor and the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. In the course of the lingual nerve, it combines with the chorda tympani from the facial nerve (containing parasympathetic secretory fibers and taste fibers). The taste fibers of the latter receive sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and secretory fibers extend to the inferior alveolar nerve ganglion.

4. The inferior alveolar nerve is a mixed nerve. It is located behind the lingual nerve and descends along the outer side of the internal pterygoid muscle. It enters the mandibular canal through the mandibular foramen and branches within the canal to form the inferior dental plexus. These branches are distributed to the gingiva and teeth of the mandible. Its terminal branch, called the mental nerve, emerges superficially from the mental foramen and is distributed to the skin and mucosa of the chin and lower lip. The motor fibers in the inferior alveolar nerve innervate the muscles of the mandible, tongue, and anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

1. Where is the location of the trigeminal nerve? The trigeminal nerve mainly has three branches: The location of the first branch is distributed in the area above the corner of the eye, including the forehead, eyebrows, and eye area. The location of the second branch is distributed in the area between the corner of the eye and the corner of the mouth.

The area where the third branch is distributed is below the corner of the mouth and mainly controls the movement and sensation below the corner of the mouth. 2. What causes trigeminal neuralgia? Trigeminal neuralgia is caused by various factors, such as compression of the trigeminal nerve by a blood vessel or tumor, nerve damage or irritation, or inflammation of the nerve.

What causes trigeminal neuralgia? Trigeminal neuralgia can be divided into two types: primary trigeminal neuralgia and secondary trigeminal neuralgia. The current view on primary trigeminal neuralgia is that it is caused by arterial compression and repeated stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. Some believe that the trigeminal nerve may also be compressed by the petrous bone. The most common type of trigeminal neuralgia seen in clinical practice is primary trigeminal neuralgia, which is primarily considered to be caused by arterial compression. Secondary trigeminal neuralgia is usually caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve due to brain tumors or cerebral vascular malformations. Imaging studies of the head can often reveal the presence of tumors or corresponding cerebral vascular malformations in these cases.

Clinical manifestations of trigeminal neuralgia After the trigeminal nerve exits the skull, it divides into three main branches. The first branch is the ophthalmic branch, which supplies the area above the eye corner to the hairline. The second branch is the maxillary branch, which supplies the area below the eye corner to above the mouth corner. The third branch is located below the mouth corner and includes the sensation and movement of the lower jaw, lower dental arch, and the front of the chin. The clinical manifestations of trigeminal neuralgia mainly occur in the areas where these branches are distributed, with the second branch being the most common, followed by the third branch, and the first branch being very rare. The typical symptoms are severe, recurrent pain in the distribution area of the affected nerve, which can be described as electric shock-like, tearing, burning, or cutting pain. The pain is extremely intense and can be triggered by activities such as eating, drinking, brushing teeth, washing face, chewing, combing hair, or even gentle touch.

Trigeminal neuralgia is a common neurological disorder. During an onset, there will be a sharp, stabbing pain in the face, similar to being pricked by needles or cut with a knife. The pain occurs suddenly and the patient is unable to perform any facial movements during an episode. This severely affects their quality of life. Moreover, sometimes even a small movement can trigger repeated episodes of pain, causing the patient to suffer intensely. Therefore, trigeminal neuralgia is known as "the most painful condition in the world."

What does the trigeminal nerve refer to? Summary The trigeminal nerve (n. trigminus) is a mixed nerve, the fifth pair of cranial nerves, and the largest nerve in the face. It contains both general somatic sensation and special visceral motor fibers. It controls the sensation of the face, mouth, and nasal cavity, as well as the movement of the muscles involved in chewing, and transmits sensory information from the head to the brain. The trigeminal nerve is formed by the convergence of the ophthalmic branch (first branch), the maxillary branch (second branch), and the mandibular branch (third branch), which respectively control the sensation and muscle contraction above the eye slit, between the eye slit and mouth slit, and below the mouth slit.

Location The trigeminal nerve is the largest nerve in the face. Its motor portion originates from the junction of the pons and the cerebellar peduncle, then merges with the mandibular nerve and exits the skull through the foramen ovale. The sensory portion of the nerve is composed of cell bodies located at the tip of the petrous part of the temporal bone.

Morphology The trigeminal nerve contains both general somatic sensation and special visceral motor fibers. Symptoms Trigeminal Neuralgia Trigeminal neuralgia is a paroxysmal severe pain that occurs transiently and repeatedly in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve in the face, also known as painful spasms. Trigeminal neuralgia can be divided into primary trigeminal neuralgia and symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia from an etiological perspective.

Primary trigeminal neuralgia mostly occurs in adults and the elderly, with an incidence rate of 1.8‰. 70-80% of cases occur in individuals over 40 years old, with the peak age group being 50 years old. It is slightly more common in females than males, mostly occurring on one side, with the right side more than the left. Less than 5% of cases are bilateral. The pain usually starts from the upper or lower branch on one side and gradually spreads to both branches, or even all three branches are affected.

Trigeminal nerve injury When there is damage to the trigeminal nerve above the semilunar ganglion: there may be loss of general sensation in the skin of the affected side of the head and face, as well as the tongue, mouth, and nasal cavity mucosa; the corneal reflex disappears; the chewing muscles on the affected side are paralyzed, causing the jaw to deviate towards the affected side.

When there is damage to the trigeminal nerve below the semilunar ganglion: various symptoms of damage to individual branches may occur. When the ophthalmic nerve is damaged, there may be sensory disturbances in the skin above the affected eyelid, as well as the disappearance of the corneal reflex; when the maxillary nerve is damaged, there may be sensory disturbances in the lower eyelid and upper lip skin, upper teeth, gums, and hard palate mucosa on the affected side; when the mandibular nerve is damaged, there may be general sensory disturbances in the lower teeth, gums, and anterior 2/3 of the tongue, as well as the skin of the lower jaw on the affected side, along with motor impairments in the chewing muscles on the affected side.

Hope to help you ~~~~ What is the trigeminal nerve, and what is trigeminal neuralgia? The trigeminal nerve is the fifth pair of nerves in the brain and is the largest pair of nerves in the skull. The trigeminal nerve is divided into three branches: the first branch is the ophthalmic nerve, the second branch is the maxillary nerve, and the third branch is the mandibular nerve. The motor root of the trigeminal nerve joins the mandibular nerve below the trigeminal ganglion. Therefore, the motor root, sensory root, and trigeminal ganglion (also known as the Gasserian ganglion) of the trigeminal nerve are very similar to the anterior and posterior roots and spinal ganglia of the spinal nerves. The sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve root travel from the Gasserian ganglion to the central nervous system and form 55 to 71 root filaments (average 63) inside the petrous ridge, forming a slightly flattened nerve root. The distance from the central point of the inner edge of the Gasserian ganglion to the sensory root entering the brainstem is 16.7 to 22.5 millimeters (average 19.6 millimeters), and the width at a distance of 0.5 to 1.0 centimeters before the sensory root enters the brainstem is 3.2 to 4.4 millimeters (average 3.8 millimeters). The angle between the sensory root and the long axis of the body is 40 to 50 degrees. It crosses the upper edge of the temporal bone and enters the posterior cranial fossa below the cavernous sinus, then continues to travel in the posterior and medial directions, and enters the brainstem to reach the brain.

The position of the trigeminal nerve is shown in the figure: Trigeminal neuralgia is a neurogenic pain that occurs in the face; Trigeminal neuralgia is classified into primary trigeminal neuralgia and secondary trigeminal neuralgia according to the cause of occurrence. Primary trigeminal neuralgia is often sudden, with unknown causes of pain; secondary trigeminal neuralgia is often caused by lesions in adjacent tissues and organs, such as various tumors, vascular malformations, arachnoid adhesions, and cranial malformations.

Trigeminal neuralgia pain is unbearable, and during an attack, normal activities such as eating and speaking become difficult. It greatly affects daily life, therefore, treating trigeminal neuralgia is necessary. Currently, there are numerous treatment methods for trigeminal neuralgia. Through painless intervention therapy, surgery is not required and there is no need to use painkillers after treatment. Normal life can be restored.

The above is all the knowledge points explained in this article about the trigeminal nerve. I hope it will be helpful to you.